cyanotic congenital heart disease

cyanotic congenital heart disease

The heart is formed in the eighth week of pregnancy. It is a very complex process, which can be altered by different factors. These congenital anomalies of the heart can affect the walls of the heart, the size of the cavities or the valves. They can also alter the path of blood circulation.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect in babies.

According to MedlinePlus, congenital heart disease can be classified into two groups: cyanotic (when it produces bluish discoloration on the lips due to decreased oxygen transported in the blood) and non-cyanotic.

What are the heart problems in children?

Congenital heart diseases are divided into two groups: those that lack oxygen (cyanotic) and those that do not.

Congenital cyanotic heart diseases:

Ebstein's anomaly: it is a rare heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve.

Pulmonary atresia occurs when the pulmonary valve is not formed correctly.

Tetralogy of Fallot: is a combination of cardiac anomalies such as pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, the aorta riding between the left and right ventricle and the VSD (abnormal communication between the ventricles).

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage occurs when none of the four veins that carry blood from the lungs to the heart is directly connected to the left atrium.

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA): when the aorta leaves the right ventricle. It involves other alterations such as CIV in order to survive.

Tricuspid atresia: lack of development of the tricuspid valve.

Left hypoplastic heart occurs when some parts of the left side of the heart (mitral valve, aortic valve, left ventricle, and aorta) do not develop completely. In many cases, the left ventricle and the aorta are smaller than normal.

Arterial trunk: it is a rare type of heart disease. It occurs when a single blood vessel (arterial trunk) comes out of the right and left ventricles, instead of the two normal vessels (the pulmonary artery and the aorta).

What are non-cyanotic congenital heart diseases?

Atrioventricular canal (endocardial relief defect): may occur due to lack of fusion of the upper and lower endocardial cushions.

Persistent arterial duct (CAP): it is a connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. There is also a ventricular septal defect.

Pulmonary stenosis: is a disorder that affects the pulmonary valve, narrowing it. It can be mild or severe.

Atrial septal defect (ASD): an orifice in the septum that separates the atria (upper cavities). Blood travels normally, but as the left side is at a higher pressure than the right, a left-right flow is established that overloads the right atrium. This causes part of the blood flow to be sent back into the lungs instead of being pumped into the rest of the body. There are many types of CIA.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD): may be a consequence of the lack of union between the muscular and membranous septa, lack of fusion of the endocardial cushions or perforation of the muscular septum during development. It originates, as in the case of the CIA, a flow from left to right that overloads the right ventricle and ends up increasing the pulmonary circulation.

Aortic stenosis: occurs when the diameter of the aortic valve is reduced-it has two valves or veils instead of three-so that blood flow through the valve is reduced and the left ventricle of the heart has to increase the pressure to pump the required amount of blood (5 liters per minute) for a decreased opening. Due to this extra effort, the walls of the ventricle thicken. Children with aortic stenosis can suffer other congenital alterations.

Coarctation of the aorta: a narrowing of the aortic artery, which occurs after the aortic valve sometimes a few centimeters from this or at other times at the point where the arterial duct joins the aorta.

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acyanotic congenital heart disease

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cyanotic heart disease radiology

cyanosis

truncus arteriosus

eisenmenger syndrome